ABA (abscisic acid) and GAs (gibberellins) are the main hormones that work in coordination to release seed dormancy and enable seed germination ( Wang et al., 2019). The transition from seed dormancy to germination is a physiological process that is regulated by diverse endogenous hormones and environmental factors. We also discuss that the accurate and optimized coordination of ROS, mitochondria, heat shock proteins is required to permit testa rupture and subsequent germination. In this review, we summarize comprehensive view of biochemical and molecular mechanisms, which coordinately control seed germination. Mitochondrial matrix-localized heat shock protein GhHSP24.7 controls seed germination in a temperature-dependent manner. The growing energy demand of the developing embryo and endosperm is fulfilled by functional mitochondria. Endosperm provides nutrients and senses environmental signals to regulate the growth of the embryo by secreting timely signals. Reactive oxygen species modulate metabolic and hormone signaling pathways that induce and maintain seed dormancy and germination. Reactive oxygen species promote the release of seed dormancy by biomolecules oxidation, testa weakening and endosperm decay. This critical developmental step is regulated by diverse endogenous and exogenous (light, temperature) factors. Seed germination is crucial for the life cycle of plants and maximum crop production. 3Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang, China.2Department of Plant Breeding and Genetics, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan.1State Key Laboratory of North China Crop Improvement and Regulation, Key Laboratory of Vegetable Germplasm Innovation and Utilization of Hebei, Collaborative Innovation Center of Vegetable Industry in Hebei, College of Horticulture, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, China.Muhammad Awais Farooq 1,2† Xiaomeng Zhang 1† Muhammad Mubashar Zafar 3† Wei Ma 1* Jianjun Zhao 1*
0 kommentar(er)
